
Diotomaceous Earth
A quick essay on DE. It is the "skeletons" of microscopic aquatic organisms (diatoms) that died over millions of years, with their mineral skeletons sinking to the bottom of the aquatic environment and building up huge deposits that now can be mined. There are both freshwater and salt water DE, and freshwater DE is much lower in respiratory hazard due to lower levels of crystalline silica that can be inhaled, and which do the damage to our lungs. MotherEarth Dust, for example, is freshwater DE. In addition, no one should ever use swimming pool filter DE, as this has been treated and offers a much higher respiratory hazard. DE for pool filters also is not labeled for pest control uses, and it is imperative that pest management professionals stick to what is labeled for our industry.
DE can kill all insects and other arthropods, so it is just as deadly to beneficial insects as it is to "pests". DE kills by cutting into the protective coatings on the exoskeleton, and absorbing moisture and allowing the insect's internal fluids to escape. Arthropods die by desiccation and dehydration. One of the uses of DE in pest management is to apply it directly to unprocessed foods that are in storage, such as grains in bins or silos. One study in Canada showed up to a 95% drop in the number of pest insects in stored barley.
One should remain cautious and careful as you apply DE dust, and keep it confined within the voids where the pest insects will be. Regardless of its low oral toxicity, as in everything, it is not non-toxic. Toxicity is always related to dose or exposure. DE works by dessication, that is, it cuts the soft appendages between the exoskelleton and dehydrates the pest. That same principal can work on the treaters pulmonary system, as well. without proper use or protection. DE may not be "toxic" but improper exposure can do serious damage if not used correctly. DE should be treated as any pesticide. Too strong of a comfort level with any pesticide can lead to excessive use. We can read the same kinds of statements about boric acid, on websites that are pushing this material as an alternative to "toxic" pesticides, but the educated person recognizes that boric acid can be a dangerous material if ingested. DE definitely is not harmless, as there could be that respiratory hazard or skin irritation, but it is a wonderful choice for pest management with a nice profile of low toxicity and hazard.
Since it is a mineral it does not degrade the way synthetic molecules do, and in a dry void should be active and effective for many years.